The History of the Meiji Era
The Meiji era is one of the most important periods throughout Japanese history. During this period, many Japanese were influenced by Europeans since Japan was isolated from other countries until the Meiji Restoration. This is the beginning of Japans present Western lifestyles. The history of the Meiji Era can be classified on the basis of European styles influence on Japan.
After the Tokugawa shogunate collapsed, the new government led by leaders of the Satsuma and Choushu domain changed Japan from a feudal to a capitalist society, in which many Japanese citizens felt reluctant to accept Western influence. This period is called the Meiji Restoration. The restoration first began when the Black Ships led by Commodore Matthew Perry arrived and demanded that Japan should open their country in 1853. The new government introduced Western styles in politics with a mixture of ancient Japanese institutions. In addition, the Imperial Constitution (Meiji Constitution) promulgated in 1889 and abolished in 1945, was based on the German Constitution. Hirobumi Ito, the first prime minister of Japan studied in Germany in order to draft the Meiji Constitution.
The economy and business climate during the Meiji period has also changed. According to Wikipedia, “There were at least two reasons for the speed of Japan's modernization: the employment of over 3,000 foreign experts (called o-yatoi gaikokujin or ‘hired foreigners') in a variety of specialist fields such as teaching English, Science, engineering, the army and navy etc.; and the dispatch of many Japanese students overseas to Europe and America, based on the fifth and last article of the Charter Oath of 1868: ‘Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundations of Imperial rule.'” Also, Wikipedia says that The Meiji Restoration accelerated industrialization in Japan, which led to its rise as a military authority by the year 1905, under the slogan of "Enrich the country, strengthen the military" (fukoku-kyouhei). From this point, Japan became the first industrialized and capitalist country in Asia.
The culture, especially lifestyle of the Japanese changed remarkably. It is not too much to say that it is the most point influenced by Europeans. For example, the streets of Tokyo, especially Ginza, had petroleum lights, carriages and brick walled buildings. Rich people wore long dresses and suits, ate Western food such as beef and participated in ballroom dances which Japanese during the Edo era had never done before. Not only citizens, but also painters, writers and architects were inspired by Europeans during this period. Many workers and craftsmen studied abroad to show citizens about the outside world. There are many Western paintings, sculptures and architectures created by Japanese, which still exists right now. In addition, many foreigners came to Japan to teach their culture, points of view and life-styles.
From these points, many Japanese were influenced by Europeans and other foreign countries. Japan was the first country to modernize and enlighten their nation in Asia. If Japan was still an isolated country, there would not be a modern and Western life like in present, which the new government and many people such as artists, authors, craftsmen, workers and citizens accepted as the new style. The people recognized that the nation must change its circumstances and expand their point of views and minds in order to live on and for the future of Japan. The history of the Meiji Era can be told by the influences that the Europeans and foreigners gave to Japanese.
【Works Cited】
* Wikipedia “Meiji period”
(last modified on 9 January 2009, 07:59)